The following are breast procedures that are commonly performed in the context of management of breast conditions:

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1. HOOKWIRE GUIDED LOCAL EXCISION

This involves the insertion of a hookwire to localize a lesion that is not palpable in order to guide the surgeon in removing the correct area of tissue. The hookwire is inserted under ultrasound or mammographic guidance prior to surgery.

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2. MICRODOCHECTOMY

Removal of a milk duct underneath the nipple. This is usually performed to investigate the cause of nipple discharge.

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3. TOTAL DUCT EXCISION

Removal of all milk ducts underneath the nipple. This is performed to determine and treat the cause of nipple discharge.

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4. NIPPLE RECONSTRUCTION

This is performed following a mastectomy and reconstruction. Local skin flap is used and rotated to form a new nipple which is tattooed subsequently. A free nipple graft can also be used by using tissue from the opposite side.

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5. SECOND STAGE PROCEDURES

In the context of breast reconstruction, this may be in the form of a breast reduction, breast lift or breast augmentation of the opposite breast to achieve better symmetry.